Laboratory Tests
Low Levels of Prolactin, ACTH, GH, TSH, LH, FSH
· Pituitary insufficiency
High levels of Prolactin, ACTH, GH, TSH, LH, FSH
· Pituitary excess
Low Melatonin
· Pineal deficiency
Fasting Glucose Low
· Insulinoma
· Factitious (Insulin Injection)
· Factitious (Oral Hypoglycemics)
High Insulin
· Insulinoma
· Factitious (Insulin Injection)
· Factitious (Oral Hypoglycemics)
Elevated Fasting Insulin
· Syndrome X
· Increases cardiovascular risk
· Hyperinsulinemia/Diabetes Type II
Low Fasting Insulin
· Diabetes Type I
Elevated 2 hour Insulin
· Syndrome X
· Insulin dose adjustment needed
Elevated Fructosamine
· Diabetes Type I, Type II
· Hypothyroidism
· Renal failure
Decreased Fructosamine
· Hypoalbuminemia
· Renal disease
· Hyperthyroidism
C-peptide High
· Insulinoma
· Oral hypoglycemics
C-peptide Low
· Insulin tnjection
Thyroid Panel
Causes of Elevation of T4
· Hyperthyroidism
· Increased thyroxine-binding proteins
· Pregnancy, estrogens, Clofibrate
· Genetic increases of thyroxine-binding proteins
· Acute hepatitis
· Anti T4 antibodies
Causes of Decreased Total T4
· Hypothyroidism
· Decreased thyroxine-binding globulins
· Androgens
· Renal disease
· Malnutrition
· Major illness
Elevation of T3 Resin Uptake
· Hyperthyroidism
· Decreased TBG
· Renal disease
Decreased T3 Resin Uptake
· Hypothyroidism
· Increased TBG
High TSH
· Primary hypothyroidism
Low TSH
· Primary hyperthyroidism
Adrenal Panel
· Plasma cortisol low
· Urinary free cortisol decrease
· Plasma ACTH increased
· Urinary 17-KS decreased
· Serum sodium decreased
· Potassium increased
· Bun increased
· Glucose decreased
· Hematocrit increased
· Eosinophils increased
Adrenal Hyperfunctioning (Cushing’s syndrome)
· Plasma cortisol increased
· Diurnal variation of plasma cortisol
· Loss of diurnal variation
· Urinary free cortisol increased
· Urinary 17-KH increased
· Dexamethasone screening test 8 a.m. cortisol greater than 5 mcg
Low DHEA
· Excessive stress shifting steroid pathway to cortisol at the expense of DHEA
· Adrenal hypofunction
· CFS
· Hyperinsulinemia
· Syndrome X
· Addison’s disease
High DHEA
· Excessive stress shifting steroid pathway to DHEA at the expense of cortisol
· Adrenal hypertrophy
· PCOS
· Exogenous DHEA, pregnenolone, or progesterone supplementation
Altered Circadian Rhythm
· Disrupted sleep
· Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
· Altered negative feedback of the HPA axis
· Hypoglycemia (as a trigger to increase cortisol)
Male Hormone Profile
Low IGF-1 (Somatomedin-C)
· Aging
· Impaired pituitary function
· Liver dysfunction
· Sedentary lifestyle
Increased IGF-1
· Hyperinsulinemia, Syndrome X
· Exogenous DHEA
· Pregnenolone administration
· Excess growth hormone
Menopausal Profile
· Low estradiol
· Reduced ovarian function
· Adrenal insufficiency
High Estradiol
· Ovarian or adrenal dysfunction
· Increased Body Mass Index (BMI)
· Impaired detoxification of estradiol
Low Progesterone
· Luteal insufficiency
· Adrenal insufficiency
High Progesterone
· Exogenous progesterone or pregnenolone supplementation
· Adrenal dysfunction
Low Testosterone
· Ovarian or adrenal insufficiency
High Testosterone
· Ovarian or adrenal dysfunction
Bone Panel
· Serum calcium decreased
· Serum phosphate decreased
· Serum alkaline phosphatidase increased
